master's interests; but what is a fault under the present arrangement would be a virtue under the co-operative system, as they would not object to more or better work if it increased their own share of profit. Employers have in a variety of ways tried to encourage good and zealous employees, and it is wise to get quit of, or, at all events, to modify the antagonism of interest between master and servant, and to raise the condition of the latter from that of a mere hireling, paid so much per week in good times and bad alike; and give a something beyond, let it be ever so little, that he may go about his labour in a more cheerful and hopeful spirit, induced to put forth his best energies in order to make the business profitable.

"State-help" versus "self-help" is the principle of the last idea, that of the Federation des Travailleurs Socialistes de France, called the "Workman's Party." They maintain or insist that the Socialist idea, can only be realized step by step, and that the more gift of money to the suffering cannot cure the social malady. They demand money from the State, not as charity to the poor, but as a legislative act, which will enable the working class to help themselves, and tend to free the State from the middle-men, who, while consuming largely themselves, do not by their work add to the national wealth. These Socialists, therefore, ask for -1,000,000, not for the relief of the workmen out of employ-such a sum would be consumed by the needy in a few weeks, and no permanent good result-but to augment the power of the various Syndical Chambers, or Workmen's Trades' Unions. Thus strengthened, the Trades' Unions could accept contracts which are now