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Chapter 5- The Dwellings
of the Poor -
From Poverty by James Platt
P92 The Dwellings of the Poor.
recognized that, besides structures
individually unfit to subsist, there are large areas too densely
inhabited to be compatible with the physical or moral welfare of
the dwellers, or to admit the entrance of pure air and abundant
light. Accordingly, Parliament armed the local authorities with
power to purchase areas in which the elements of health were wanting,
and to carry out, at the public expense, schemes of reconstruction,
subject to the obligation of providing for at least as many persons
of the
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working class as were displaced. Liverpool, Glasgow,
Edinburgh, and other cities have obtained authority to pull
down the nests of crime and disease, and to initiate comprehensive
schemes of improvement. In many recent railway bills have been
inserted clauses requiring companies, before taking fifteen
or more houses wholly or partially occupied by the working class,
to provide sufficient accommodation elsewhere; and similar provisions
are inserted in the metropolitan improvement measures, and all
Acts which cause the displacement of the poor. Last session,
another very wise step was taken by granting in effect to railway
companies a partial exemption from passenger duty, on condition
that proper and sufficient workmen's trains were provided. This
is a capital idea, and nothing could be better, socially, mentally,
and morally, than improved dwellings for the poorer classes
in country districts near London, with an organized system of
cheap trains by which the workmen could go to and return daily
from their work. The supply of decent accommodation is not sufficient;
the cost of land and building of houses in London and the large
towns is too high to get sufficient interest on the outlay from
the rents the poorer class can pay. The Peabody Trust purchased
nine acres of the Board of Works for 5s. a-foot, because Parliament
compelled the Board to sell for this purpose, and this purpose
only. But it must not be forgotten that, by this restriction
upon the disposal of the land, Parliament caused the Metropolitan
Board of Works the loss of half a million of money, which is
really a contribution by the ratepayers to the erection of
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